Noninvasive Staging of Lymph Node Status in Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning: External Validation and Further Model Development

Malin Hjärtström   ¹ , MEng ;   Looket Dihge   ^{2, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Pär-Ola Bendahl   ¹ , PhD ;   Ida Skarping   ^{1, 4} , MD, PhD ;   Julia Ellbrant   ^{2, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Mattias Ohlsson   ^{6, 7 *} , PhD ;   Lisa Rydén   ^{2, 8 *} , MD, PhD

¹ Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

² Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

³ Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

⁴ Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

⁵ Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

⁶ Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

⁷ Centre for Applied Intelligent Systems Research, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden

⁸ Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

*these authors contributed equally