This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Reviews on Innovations in Cancer (38) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (627) Machine Learning (1733) Artificial Intelligence (1727) Cancer Self-Management (69) Emotional, Social, Psychological Support for Cancer (215) Innovations and Technology in Cancer Care (462) Ethics, Privacy, and Legal Issues (549)

Published on in Vol 7, No 4 (2021): Oct-Dec

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/27850, first published .
Chatbot for Health Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systematic Review

Chatbot for Health Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systematic Review

Chatbot for Health Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systematic Review

Authors of this article:

Lu Xu1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Leslie Sanders3 Author Orcid Image ;   Kay Li4 Author Orcid Image ;   James C L Chow5, 6 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (282) Tweetations (14) Metrics

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  116. Matharaarachchi A, Mendis W, Randunu K, De Silva D, Gamage G, Moraliyage H, Mills N, Jennings A. Optimizing Generative AI Chatbots for Net-Zero Emissions Energy Internet-of-Things Infrastructure. Energies 2024;17(8):1935 View
  117. Zhou J, Liang Z, Fang Y, Zhou Z. Exploring Public Response to ChatGPT With Sentiment Analysis and Knowledge Mapping. IEEE Access 2024;12:50504 View
  118. Gül Ş, Erdemir İ, Hanci V, Aydoğmuş E, Erkoç Y. How artificial intelligence can provide information about subdural hematoma: Assessment of readability, reliability, and quality of ChatGPT, BARD, and perplexity responses. Medicine 2024;103(18):e38009 View
  119. Olver I. Ethics of artificial intelligence in supportive care in cancer. Medical Journal of Australia 2024;220(10):499 View
  120. Lenton‐Brym A, Collins A, Lane J, Busso C, Ouyang J, Fitzpatrick S, Kuo J, Monson C. Using machine learning to increase access to and engagement with trauma‐focused interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2025;64(1):125 View
  121. Grassini E, Buzzi M, Leporini B, Vozna A. A systematic review of chatbots in inclusive healthcare: insights from the last 5 years. Universal Access in the Information Society 2025;24(1):195 View
  122. Yuan Y, Li H, Sawaengdist A. The impact of ChatGPT on learners in English academic writing: opportunities and challenges in education. Language Learning in Higher Education 2024;14(1):41 View
  123. Piazza D, Martorana F, Curaba A, Sambataro D, Valerio M, Firenze A, Pecorino B, Scollo P, Chiantera V, Scibilia G, Vigneri P, Gebbia V, Scandurra G. The Consistency and Quality of ChatGPT Responses Compared to Clinical Guidelines for Ovarian Cancer: A Delphi Approach. Current Oncology 2024;31(5):2796 View
  124. Sezgin E, Kocaballi A, Dolce M, Skeens M, Militello L, Huang Y, Stevens J, Kemper A. Chatbot for Social Need Screening and Resource Sharing With Vulnerable Families: Iterative Design and Evaluation Study. JMIR Human Factors 2024;11:e57114 View
  125. Washington C, Abouyared M, Karanth S, Braithwaite D, Birkeland A, Silverman D, Chen S. The Use of Chatbots in Head and Neck Mucosal Malignancy Treatment Recommendations. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2024;171(4):1062 View
  126. Amin Kuhail M, Bahja M, Al-Shamaileh O, Thomas J, Alkazemi A, Negreiros J. Assessing the Impact of Chatbot-Human Personality Congruence on User Behavior: A Chatbot-Based Advising System Case. IEEE Access 2024;12:71761 View
  127. Afroze L, Rahman M. Utilization of artificial intelligence to mitigate health inequalities in gynecological cancer care. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2024;34(10):1657 View
  128. Lukkahatai N, Han G. Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Nursing in Asia. Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 2024;8:e55321 View
  129. Pawuś D, Porażko T, Paszkiel S. Automation and Decision Support in the Area of Nephrology Using Numerical Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, and Expert Approach: Review of the Current State of Knowledge. IEEE Access 2024;12:86043 View
  130. Liou J, Vo T. Exploring the Relationships among Factors Influencing Healthcare Chatbot Adoption. Sustainability 2024;16(12):5050 View
  131. Didier A, Moss G, Sutton J. Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Cancer Patient Education. Journal of Cancer Education 2024 View
  132. Guillari A, Sansone V, Giordano V, Catone M, Rea T. Assessing digital health knowledge, attitudes and practices among nurses in Naples: a survey study protocol. BMJ Open 2024;14(6):e081721 View
  133. Alqaidi S, Albugami S, Alzahrani W, Badri S, Wali A. Network-integrated medical chatbot for enhanced healthcare services. Telematics and Informatics Reports 2024;15:100153 View
  134. Ping Y. Experience in psychological counseling supported by artificial intelligence technology. Technology and Health Care 2024;32(6):3871 View
  135. Sheerah H, AlSalamah S, Alsalamah S, Lu C, Arafa A, Zaatari E, Alhomod A, Pujari S, Labrique A. The Rise of Virtual Health Care: Transforming the Health Care Landscape in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Review Article. Telemedicine and e-Health 2024;30(10):2545 View
  136. Rothlisberger P. AI-Powered Patient-Centered Care: A Call to Action for Innovation. Journal of Healthcare Management 2024;69(4):255 View
  137. Luo X, Zhang A, Li Y, Zhang Z, Ying F, Lin R, Yang Q, Wang J, Huang G. Emergence of Artificial Intelligence Art Therapies (AIATs) in Mental Health Care: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 2024;33(6):1743 View
  138. Sabri H, Saleh M, Hazrati P, Merchant K, Misch J, Kumar P, Wang H, Barootchi S. Performance of three artificial intelligence (AI)‐based large language models in standardized testing; implications for AI‐assisted dental education. Journal of Periodontal Research 2025;60(2):121 View
  139. Abumalloh R, Nilashi M, Ooi K, Tan G, Chan H. Impact of generative artificial intelligence models on the performance of citizen data scientists in retail firms. Computers in Industry 2024;161:104128 View
  140. Molena K, Macedo A, Ijaz A, Carvalho F, Gallo M, Wanderley Garcia de Paula e Silva F, de Rossi A, Mezzomo L, Mugayar L, Queiroz A. Assessing the Accuracy, Completeness, and Reliability of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Responses in Dentistry: A Pilot Study Evaluating the ChatGPT Model. Cureus 2024 View
  141. Ourang S, Sohrabniya F, Mohammad‐Rahimi H, Dianat O, Aminoshariae A, Nagendrababu V, Dummer P, Duncan H, Nosrat A. Artificial intelligence in endodontics: Fundamental principles, workflow, and tasks. International Endodontic Journal 2024;57(11):1546 View
  142. Viswanathan V, Jain V, Vaish A, Jeyaraman M, Iyengar K, Vaishya R. Chatbots and Their Applications in Medical Fields: Current Status and Future Trends: A Scoping Review. Apollo Medicine 2024;21(4):386 View
  143. Panda S, Bhatt A, Satapathy A. ChatGPT and Its Role in Academic Libraries: A Discussion. New Review of Academic Librarianship 2024;30(4):422 View
  144. Alkhamees A. Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence as a Search Tool for Patients: Can ChatGPT-4 Provide Accurate Evidence-Based Orthodontic-Related Information?. Cureus 2024 View
  145. Kuhail M, Alturki N, Thomas J, Alkhalifa A, Alshardan A. Human-Human vs Human-AI Therapy: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2024:1 View
  146. Hancı V, Ergün B, Gül Ş, Uzun Ö, Erdemir İ, Hancı F. Assessment of readability, reliability, and quality of ChatGPT®, BARD®, Gemini®, Copilot®, Perplexity® responses on palliative care. Medicine 2024;103(33):e39305 View
  147. Goumas G, Dardavesis T, Syrigos K, Syrigos N, Simou E. Chatbots in Cancer Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages: All that Glitters Is Not Gold. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024;14(8):877 View
  148. Hindelang M, Sitaru S, Zink A. Transforming Health Care Through Chatbots for Medical History-Taking and Future Directions: Comprehensive Systematic Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e56628 View
  149. Hamad Z, Jamil N, Belkacem A. ChatGPT’s Impact on Education and Healthcare: Insights, Challenges, and Ethical Consideration. IEEE Access 2024;12:114858 View
  150. Kuligowska K, Stanusch M. Commercial chatbot monitoring: Approaches focused on automated conversation analysis. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 2024;12(2):54 View
  151. Durna Y, Teki̇n M, Duymaz Y, Teki̇n A, Bahşi İ. Content Analysis of the Top 25 Most Cited Articles of the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery With ChatGPT-4o. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2025;36(1):71 View
  152. Tagliaferri L, Fionda B, Casà C, Cornacchione P, Scalise S, Chiesa S, Marconi E, Dinapoli L, Di Capua B, Chieffo D, Marazzi F, Frascino V, Colloca G, Valentini V, Miccichè F, Gambacorta M. Allies not enemies—creating a more empathetic and uplifting patient experience through technology and art. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 2025;201(3):316 View
  153. Su Z, Tang G, Huang R, Qiao Y, Zhang Z, Dai X. Based on Medicine, The Now and Future of Large Language Models. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering 2024;17(4):263 View
  154. Hoose S, Králiková K. Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Care: Management Implications, Ethical Challenges, and Policy Considerations. Administrative Sciences 2024;14(9):227 View
  155. Cao B, Li Z, Crystal Jiang L. When chatbots make errors: Cognitive and affective pathways to understanding forgiveness of chatbot errors. Telematics and Informatics 2024;94:102189 View
  156. Chow J, Li K. Ethical Considerations in Human-Centered AI: Advancing Oncology Chatbots Through Large Language Models. JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology 2024;5:e64406 View
  157. Liu Y, Lyu Z. Changes in Public Perception of ChatGPT: A Text Mining Perspective Based on Social Media. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2024:1 View
  158. Kumari K, Pahuja S, Kumar S. A Comprehensive Examination of ChatGPT's Contribution to the Healthcare Sector and Hepatology. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2024;69(11):4027 View
  159. Ma Y, Achiche S, Tu G, Vicente S, Lessard D, Engler K, Lemire B, Laymouna M, de Pokomandy A, Cox J, Lebouché B. The first AI‐based Chatbot to promote HIV self‐management: A mixed methods usability study. HIV Medicine 2025;26(2):184 View
  160. Karami A, Qiao Z, Zhang X, Kharrazi H, Bozorgi P, Bozorgi A. Health Use Cases of AI Chatbots: Identification and Analysis of ChatGPT Prompts in Social Media Discourses. Big Data and Cognitive Computing 2024;8(10):130 View
  161. Pervez F, Shoukat M, Suresh V, Farooq M, Sandhu M, Qayyum A, Usama M, Girardi A, Latif S, Qadir J. Medicine's New Rhythm: Harnessing Acoustic Sensing via the Internet of Audio Things for Healthcare. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society 2024;5:491 View
  162. Singh P, Vijay P, Anjum R, Pardhe N, Jahan A, Khanam W. Exploring the role of artificial intelligence in oral cancer diagnosis: Review. Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2024;10(3):154 View
  163. Rainey J, Treu E, Campbell K, Blackburn B, Pelt C, Archibeck M, Gililland J, Anderson L. Conversational Engagement Using a Short Message Service Chatbot After Total Joint Arthroplasty. Arthroplasty Today 2024;30:101484 View
  164. Espinoza Vidaurre S, Velásquez Rodríguez N, Gambetta Quelopana R, Martinez Valdivia A, Leo Rossi E, Nolasco-Mamani M. Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Academic Integrity Among University Students in Peru and Chile: An Approach to Sustainable Education. Sustainability 2024;16(20):9005 View
  165. Cho H, Jun T, Kim Y, Kang H, Ahn I, Gwon H, Kim Y, Seo J, Choi H, Kim M, Han J, Kee G, Park S, Ko S. Task-Specific Transformer-Based Language Models in Health Care: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e49724 View
  166. Okwor I, Hitch G, Hakkim S, Akbar S, Sookhoo D, Kainesie J. Digital Technologies Impact on Healthcare Delivery: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine-Learning (ML) Adoption, Challenges, and Opportunities. AI 2024;5(4):1918 View
  167. Chiu Y, Lee Y, Lin H, Cheng L. Exploring the Role of Mobile Apps for Insomnia in Depression: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e51110 View
  168. Nehme M, Schneider F, Amruthalingam E, Schnarrenberger E, Trëmeaud R, Guessous I. Chatbots in medicine: certification process and applied use case. Swiss Medical Weekly 2024;154(10):3954 View
  169. Villain P, Downham L, Le Bonniec A, Bauquier C, Mandrik O, Nadarzynski T, Donelle L, Murillo R, Tolma E, Johnson S, Soler-Michel P, Smith R. Impact of Online Interactive Decision Tools on Women’s Decision-Making Regarding Breast Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e65974 View
  170. Agarwal S. Developing An Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbot For And Early And Effective Prediction Of Various Diseases. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences and Technology 2024;17(1):76 View
  171. Luo Y, Miao Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Wu Y. Exploring the Current Applications and Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Nursing: An Integrative Review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2024 View
  172. Sato A, Haneda E, Hiroshima Y, Narimatsu H. Preliminary Screening for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Using an AI Chatbot as a Genetic Counselor: Clinical Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e48914 View
  173. Sadek M, Calvo R, Mougenot C. The Value-Sensitive Conversational Agent Co-Design Framework. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2024:1 View
  174. Ripp J, Pietrzak R, de Guillebon E, Peccoralo L. Association of clerical burden and EHR frustration with burnout and career intentions among physician faculty in an urban academic health system. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2025;195:105740 View
  175. Khan M, Haider Z, Hussain J, Malik F, Talib I, Abdullah S. Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and AI Innovations. Bioengineering 2024;11(12):1239 View
  176. Ali S, Rahman F, Kuwar A, Khanna T, Nayak A, Sharma P, Dasraj S, Auer S, Rouf R, Patel T, Dhar B. Rapid, Tailored Dietary and Health Education Through A Social Media Chatbot Microintervention: Development and Usability Study With Practical Recommendations. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e52032 View
  177. Naseri A, Antikchi M, Barahman M, Shirinzadeh-Dastgiri A, HaghighiKian S, Vakili-Ojarood M, Rahmani A, Shahbazi A, Shiri A, Masoudi A, Aghasipour M, Aghili K, Neamatzadeh H. AI Chatbots in Oncology: A Comparative Study of Sider Fusion AI and Perplexity AI for Gastric Cancer Patients. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology 2024 View
  178. Ramiah D, Mmereki D. Synthesizing Efficiency Tools in Radiotherapy to Increase Patient Flow: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology 2024;18 View
  179. Shuhaiber A, Kuhail M, Salman S. ChatGPT in higher education - A Student's perspective. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 2025;17:100565 View
  180. Watt T, Chrysoulas C, Barclay P, El Boudani B, Kalliatakis G. Moving Healthcare AI Support Systems for Visually Detectable Diseases to Constrained Devices. Applied Sciences 2024;14(24):11474 View
  181. Li Y, Chung T, Lu W, Li M, Ho Y, He M, Mei X, Chen D, Bressington D. Chatbot-Based Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for University Students With Depressive Symptoms: Intervention Development and Pilot Evaluation. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 2024 View
  182. Dailah H, Koriri M, Sabei A, Kriry T, Zakri M. Artificial Intelligence in Nursing: Technological Benefits to Nurse’s Mental Health and Patient Care Quality. Healthcare 2024;12(24):2555 View
  183. Li Y, Chen L, Fu L. Vicarious Interaction in Online Health Consultation Service: The Effects of Generative AI’s Anthropomorphism and Social Support on Intended Responses Through Social Presence and Source Credibility. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2024:1 View
  184. Suazo Galdames I. Chatbots for Promoting Healthy Habits and Scientific Culture. International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 2023:1 View
  185. Liu X, Lu Z, Wang T, Liu F. Large language models facilitating modern molecular biology and novel drug development. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024;15 View
  186. Zitu M, Le T, Duong T, Haddadan S, Garcia M, Amorrortu R, Zhao Y, Rollison D, Thieu T. Large language models in cancer: potentials, risks, and safeguards. BJR|Artificial Intelligence 2025;2(1) View
  187. Reshadi M, Chehragh A. A review of medical tourism entrepreneurship and marketing at regional and global levels and a quick glance into the applications of artificial intelligence in medical tourism. AI & SOCIETY 2025 View
  188. Yang F, Wang C, Lindsey M, An R. Use of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Chatbots to Promote Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Interventions. Kinesiology Review 2025;14(1):80 View
  189. Canzone A, Belmonte G, Patti A, Vicari D, Rapisarda F, Giustino V, Drid P, Bianco A. The multiple uses of artificial intelligence in exercise programs: a narrative review. Frontiers in Public Health 2025;13 View
  190. Owens O, Leonard M. A Comparison of Prostate Cancer Screening Information Quality on Standard and Advanced Versions of ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot: A Cross-Sectional Study. American Journal of Health Promotion 2025;39(5):766 View
  191. Irwin P, Rehman S, Fealy S, Kornhaber R, Matheson A, Cleary M. Empowering nurses – a practical guide to artificial intelligence tools in healthcare settings: discussion paper. Contemporary Nurse 2025:1 View
  192. Berlanga Llavori R. Del Ars Magna a la inteligencia artificial generativa. Revista de Senología y Patología Mamaria 2025;38(3):100663 View
  193. Fattah F, Salih A, Salih A, Asaad S, Ghafour A, Bapir R, Abdalla B, Othman S, Ahmed S, Hasan S, Mahmood Y, Kakamad F. Comparative analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini (Bard) in medical inquiry: a scoping review. Frontiers in Digital Health 2025;7 View
  194. Pupong K, Hunsrisakhun J, Pithpornchaiyakul S, Naorungroj S. Development of Chatbot-Based Oral Health Care for Young Children and Evaluation of its Effectiveness, Usability, and Acceptability: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 2025;8:e62738 View
  195. Xiong X, Zheng L, Ding Y, Chen Y, Cai Y, Wang L, Huang L, Liu C, Shao Z, Yu K. Breast cancer: pathogenesis and treatments. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2025;10(1) View
  196. Chow J, Li K. Developing Effective Frameworks for Large Language Model–Based Medical Chatbots: Insights From Radiotherapy Education With ChatGPT. JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e66633 View
  197. Youssef E, Meriem M, Ait-Lemqeddem H. ChatGPT and ethics in healthcare facilities: an overview and innovations in technical efficiency analysis. AI and Ethics 2025 View
  198. Krishnamoorthy R, Srivastava M, Khanna D. Mindful machines: evaluating ChatGPT’s impact on higher education. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 2025 View
  199. Montagna S, Ferretti S, Klopfenstein L, Ungolo M, Pengo M, Aguzzi G, Magnini M. Privacy-preserving LLM-based chatbots for hypertensive patient self-management. Smart Health 2025;36:100552 View
  200. Sestino A, Rizzo C, Irgang L, Stehlíková B. Redesigning healthcare service delivery processes through medical chatbot integrations: balancing chatbot features and patients’ individual differences. Business Process Management Journal 2025 View
  201. Kaliappan S, Liu C, Jain Y, Karkar R, Saha K. Online Communities as a Support System for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Care: Large-Scale Exploratory Study. JMIR Aging 2025;8:e68890 View
  202. Genç O. Evaluating the Effectiveness of AI-Powered Conversational Models in Construction Management Education: A Comparative Investigation of Student Performances and ChatGPT. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2025;8(2):598 View
  203. Chow J. Quantum Computing and Machine Learning in Medical Decision-Making: A Comprehensive Review. Algorithms 2025;18(3):156 View
  204. Esmaeilzadeh P, Hassanein K, Head M. AI-human interactions in healthcare: exploring users’ post-adoption behaviors of AI mental health chatbots. Behaviour & Information Technology 2025:1 View
  205. Sezgin E, Jackson D, Kaufman K, Skeens M, Gerhardt C, Moscato E. Perceptions about the use of virtual assistants for seeking health information among caregivers of young childhood cancer survivors. DIGITAL HEALTH 2025;11 View
  206. Sattler S, Chetla N, Chen M, Hage T, Chang J, Guo W, Hugh J. Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of ChatGPT-4 Omni and ChatGPT-4 Turbo in Identifying Melanoma: Comparative Study. JMIR Dermatology 2025;8:e67551 View
  207. Abbas S, Yusifzada I, Athar S. Revolutionizing Medicine: Chatbots as Catalysts for Improved Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Support. Cureus 2025 View
  208. Gonzalez Aroca J, Vergara-Merino L, Escobar Liquitay C, Farías H, Arancibia J, Puelles Á, Madrid E. Role of artificial intelligence-powered conversational agents (chatbots) in musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2025;15(3):e092982 View
  209. Altom D, Awad Taha A, Mahmoud Hussein A, Ibrahim Elshiekh M, Alata Abdelmajed A, Abdalla Ibrahim F, Abelgadir Mohammed S, Elamin Eltain Tifoor M. Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots in Chronic Disease Management: A Systematic Review of Applications and Challenges. Cureus 2025 View
  210. Ma H, Law E, Sun X, Yang W, He X, Lawson G, Zheng H, Wang Q, Li Q, Yuan X. Towards empathic medical conversation in Narrative Medicine: A visualization approach based on intelligence augmentation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 2025;199:103506 View
  211. Leiser F, Guse R, Sunyaev A. Large Language Model Architectures in Healthcare: A Scoping Review of Research Perspectives (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024 View
  212. Mileti A, de Cosmo L, Piper L, Baldassarre F, Schillaci E, Guido G. Tell Me How to Prompt! Healthcare Chatbots Response to Emotional Prompts for Enhanced Services. Review and Propositions. Journal of Economic Surveys 2025 View
  213. Farías H, González Aroca J, Ortiz D. Chatbot Based on Large Language Model to Improve Adherence to Exercise-Based Treatment in People with Knee Osteoarthritis: System Development. Technologies 2025;13(4):140 View
  214. Jiang Z, Xu Y, Lim Z, Wang Z, Han Y, Yew S, Pan Z, Wang Q, Wu G, Wong T, Wang X, Wang Y, Tham Y. Comparative performance analysis of global and chinese-domain large language models for myopia. Eye 2025 View
  215. Davis R, Eppler M, Ayo-Ajibola O, Loh-Doyle J, Nabhani J, Samplaski M, Gill I, Cacciamani G. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence–powered Large Language Models Application in Disseminating Appropriate and Readable Health Information in Urology. Journal of Urology 2023;210(4):688 View
  216. Williams B, Erstad B. Analysis of responses from artificial intelligence programs to medication-related questions derived from critical care guidelines. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2025 View
  217. Chen D, Avison K, Alnassar S, Huang R, Raman S. Medical accuracy of artificial intelligence chatbots in oncology: a scoping review. The Oncologist 2025;30(4) View
  218. Mustuloğlu Ş. Can ChatGPT-3.5 Be Used to Answer Questions Related to Pediatric Dentistry?. Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi 2025;4(1):12 View
  219. Owens O, Leonard M. Evaluating an Artificially Intelligent Chatbot ‘Prostate Cancer Info’ for Providing Quality Prostate Cancer Screening Information: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint). JMIR Cancer 2025 View
  220. Zheng X, Yang Z, Xu L, Wang A. Insights into the complexities of symptom management for hemodialysis patients: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Health Psychology Review 2025:1 View
  221. Hu H, Wu Z. A Narrative Review of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education of Surgical Oncology. Indian Journal of Surgery 2025 View
  222. Liebetrau D, Densmore M, Nunes F. Engagement of Parents with the Aurora Child Health Chatbot: A Conversation Log Analysis Study. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2025:1 View
  223. Alkan Ş, Örs Demet E. Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Models for Nutritional Symptom Management in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. Nutrition and Cancer 2025:1 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Chow J. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. View
  2. Damane B, Mkhize-Kwitshana Z, Kgokolo M, Luvhengo T, Dlamini Z. Artificial Intelligence and Precision Oncology. View
  3. Ferreira R, Gregório P, Coelho L, Reis S. Exploring the Convergence of Computer and Medical Science Through Cloud Healthcare. View
  4. Hammad R, Bhaja M, Patel J. Trends, Applications, and Challenges of Chatbot Technology. View
  5. Solanki R, Rajawat A, Gadekar A, Patil M. Handbook of Research on Instructional Technologies in Health Education and Allied Disciplines. View
  6. El rhatassi F, El Ghali B, Daoudi N. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things. View
  7. Tiwari A, Chugh A, Sharma A. Innovations in Artificial Intelligence and Human-Computer Interaction in the Digital Era. View
  8. Saeed R, Saeed M, Ahmed Z, Hashim A. Applications of Machine Learning in UAV Networks. View
  9. Potluri R, Vajjhala N. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Methods for Maximizing Efficiency. View
  10. Jaboob A, Durrah O, Chakir A. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. View
  11. Agarwal N, Nupur , Paul P, Mishra S. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Human Microbiome. View
  12. Nardi M. Bioethics of Cognitive Ergonomics and Digital Transition. View
  13. Seethalakshmi P, Dhawaleswara Rao C, Swaroopa K. Machine Intelligence, Tools, and Applications. View
  14. Ghosh J. Nutrition Controversies and Advances in Autoimmune Disease. View
  15. Bappy A, Mahmud T, Kaiser M, Shahadat Hossain M, Andersson K. Applied Intelligence and Informatics. View
  16. Gour S, Randa R. Deep Learning and Visual Artificial Intelligence. View
  17. Soms N, Azariya S. D, Saravanan A. A. Data Science in the Medical Field. View
  18. Chakraborty T, Sharada V, Sai S. Managing Customer-Centric Strategies in the Digital Landscape. View
  19. Chen Z, Zhao X, Hua M, Xu J. HCI International 2024 – Late Breaking Papers. View
  20. Marcão R, Monteiro S, Santos V, Martinho F, José Sousa M, Dionísio A, Ramos P. Electronic Health Records - Issues and Challenges in Healthcare Systems [Working Title]. View
  21. Kumar A, Sharma A, Dhanka S, Maini S. Transforming Neuropsychology and Cognitive Psychology With AI and Machine Learning. View
  22. Bhattacharya S, Sinha D, Bandyopadhyay C, Majumder S, Biswas A. Decision Making Under Uncertainty Via Optimization, Modelling, and Analysis. View
  23. Khan A, Zeb I, Fang S. Chatbots and Mental Healthcare in Psychology and Psychiatry. View
  24. Singh B, Kaunert C, Raghav A, Chandra S, Kumar S, Mishra S. Achieving Sustainability in Multi-Industry Settings With AI. View
  25. Das T, Mandal S, Bhabani B. Achieving Sustainability in Multi-Industry Settings With AI. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Bandopadhyay D, Ghosh R, Chatterjee R, Das N, Sadhukhan B. 2023 7th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). Speech Recognition and Neural Networks based Talking Health Care Bot (THCB): Medibot View
  2. Usigan A, Salomeo M, Zafe G, Centeno C, Sison A, Bitancor A. Proceedings of the 2022 5th Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing Conference. Implementation of an Undergraduate Admission Chatbot Using Microsoft Azure's Question Answering and Bot Framework View
  3. Thwala E, Adegun A, Adigun M. 2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG). Self-Assessment Chatbot for COVID-19 prognosis using Deep Learning-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) View
  4. Sowmya D, Debbata K, Vignesh G, Sagar D, Bavanthula A, Pallavi L. 2023 3rd Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON). Emerging Role of Healthcare Chatbots in Improving Medical Assistance View
  5. Velasco V, Dedy Setiawan K, Robert Sanjaya R, Susan Anggreainy M, Kurniawan A. 2023 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Sciences (AiDAS). AI Chatbot Technology to Predict Disease: A Systematic Literature Review View
  6. Li Z, Liang M, Le H, Lc R, Luo Y. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. Exploring Design Opportunities for Reflective Conversational Agents to Reduce Compulsive Smartphone Use View
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