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A Responsible Framework for Assessing, Selecting, and Explaining Machine Learning Models in Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: Methodology and Validation Study

A Responsible Framework for Assessing, Selecting, and Explaining Machine Learning Models in Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: Methodology and Validation Study

However, efforts to quantitatively evaluate fairness in prediction models for clinical practice are still scarce [15]. A model with high predictive accuracy does not guarantee the best clinical usage, as it might display unfavorable biases [16]. As a result, it is important to understand and quantify the trade-offs between accuracy and fairness in model selection.

Yang Yang, Che-Yi Liao, Esmaeil Keyvanshokooh, Hui Shao, Mary Beth Weber, Francisco J Pasquel, Gian-Gabriel P Garcia

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e66200

Predicting Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Individuals Below Screening Age Using Machine Learning and Real-World Data: Case Control Study

Predicting Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Individuals Below Screening Age Using Machine Learning and Real-World Data: Case Control Study

We then incorporated a range of different observation periods and prediction windows (Figure 2) to test our prediction algorithms, considering the different use cases. We considered 4 different prediction windows: 0 years, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years before CRC diagnosis. Visualization of the observation and prediction windows. For the prediction task. The index date for CRC cases is the date of diagnosis.

Chengkun Sun, Erin Mobley, Michael Quillen, Max Parker, Meghan Daly, Rui Wang, Isabela Visintin, Ziad Awad, Jennifer Fishe, Alexander Parker, Thomas George, Jiang Bian, Jie Xu

JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e64506

Peer Relationships Are a Direct Cause of the Adolescent Mental Health Crisis: Interpretable Machine Learning Analysis of 2 Large Cohort Studies

Peer Relationships Are a Direct Cause of the Adolescent Mental Health Crisis: Interpretable Machine Learning Analysis of 2 Large Cohort Studies

The reporting of the model development and validation followed the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD [37]) guidelines (Table S4 in Multimedia Appendix 1). The strongest statistically significant unadjusted linear relationships between baseline predictors and mental health at follow-up are shown in Figure 4 and coefficients of all predictors can be found in Tables S1 and S2 in Multimedia Appendix 1.

Heiner Stuke, Robert Schlack, Michael Erhart, Anne Kaman, Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, Christopher Irrgang

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e60125

Prediction of Reactivation After Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Multimodal Machine Learning Model Study

Prediction of Reactivation After Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Multimodal Machine Learning Model Study

Prediction models that can identify infants with a high risk of ROP reactivation are needed in clinical practice. Artificial intelligence has recently optimized medical practice [15-17]. Artificial intelligence has been mainly applied to ROP diagnosis and prediction based on imaging [17-19]. To our knowledge, studies on ROP reactivation after treatment are very limited, and there is no successful prediction model for clinical application.

Rong Wu, Yu Zhang, Peijie Huang, Yiying Xie, Jianxun Wang, Shuangyong Wang, Qiuxia Lin, Yichen Bai, Songfu Feng, Nian Cai, Xiaohe Lu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e60367

Effect of Uncertainty-Aware AI Models on Pharmacists’ Reaction Time and Decision-Making in a Web-Based Mock Medication Verification Task: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Uncertainty-Aware AI Models on Pharmacists’ Reaction Time and Decision-Making in a Web-Based Mock Medication Verification Task: Randomized Controlled Trial

Uncertainty-aware AI models present the model’s uncertainty, or confidence in its decision, alongside its prediction [11], thus providing a metric for the user to assess the AI’s reliability [12]. CDSS reliability is an essential component of human evaluation of AI’s trustworthiness which determines the user’s acceptability of a technology [7].

Corey Lester, Brigid Rowell, Yifan Zheng, Zoe Co, Vincent Marshall, Jin Yong Kim, Qiyuan Chen, Raed Kontar, X Jessie Yang

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e64902

Oxidative Stress Markers and Prediction of Severity With a Machine Learning Approach in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Severe Lung Disease: Observational, Retrospective, Single-Center Feasibility Study

Oxidative Stress Markers and Prediction of Severity With a Machine Learning Approach in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Severe Lung Disease: Observational, Retrospective, Single-Center Feasibility Study

However, clusters of evidence are emerging from the recent literature showing that levels of biomarkers of oxidative damage in biological fluids can be used for the prediction of measured concentrations of a limited number of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants [23]. Since March 2020, our health care and medical team began to hypothesize that antioxidant supplementation for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) could improve their prognosis.

Olivier Raspado, Michel Brack, Olivier Brack, Mélanie Vivancos, Aurélie Esparcieux, Emmanuelle Cart-Tanneur, Abdellah Aouifi

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e66509

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Biological Age Prediction Model Using Comprehensive Health Checkup Data: Development and Validation Study

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Biological Age Prediction Model Using Comprehensive Health Checkup Data: Development and Validation Study

Current biological age prediction models, primarily based on conventional statistical methods such as multivariate regression analysis, rely on limited clinical data, restricting their predictive power and insights into the aging process [5-8]. Recent advances have led to models using omics data [9], including DNA methylation [10], transcriptome [11], metabolome [12], and telomere data [9].

Chang-Uk Jeong, Jacob S Leiby, Dokyoon Kim, Eun Kyung Choe

JMIR Aging 2025;8:e64473

Comparison of Deep Learning Approaches Using Chest Radiographs for Predicting Clinical Deterioration: Retrospective Observational Study

Comparison of Deep Learning Approaches Using Chest Radiographs for Predicting Clinical Deterioration: Retrospective Observational Study

Current EWS rely on structured data, such as vital signs and laboratory values, to predict clinical deterioration and ignore other data modalities that could potentially enhance prediction accuracy [7]. This results in lower detection and higher false-positive rates for these scores that could be mitigated by incorporating additional modalities [8].

Mahmudur Rahman, Jifan Gao, Kyle A Carey, Dana P Edelson, Askar Afshar, John W Garrett, Guanhua Chen, Majid Afshar, Matthew M Churpek

JMIR AI 2025;4:e67144