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Piloting the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Pediatric Oncology Telehealth Education Program in Western Kenya: Implementation Study

Piloting the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Pediatric Oncology Telehealth Education Program in Western Kenya: Implementation Study

Although this malignancy should represent 300‐480 cases (ie, 30%‐40% of all pediatric cancer diagnosis), only 40 cases per year have been seen over the last several years [5]. Number of cases of pediatric cancer diagnosed at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital as a percentage of the expected total number of cases based on cancer epidemiology for the referral region.

Tyler Severance, Gilbert Olbara, Festus Njuguna, Martha Kipng'etich, Sandra Lang'at, Maureen Kugo, Jesse Lemmen, Marjorie Treff, Patrick Loehrer, Terry Vik

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e59776

Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Prediction and Diagnosis of Leptospirosis: Systematic Literature Review

Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Prediction and Diagnosis of Leptospirosis: Systematic Literature Review

The application of ML and DL in leptospirosis diagnosis represents a significant advancement over traditional methods. ML algorithms can analyze clinical and laboratory data, including patient symptoms, demographic information, and test results, to predict the likelihood of leptospirosis.

Suhila Sawesi, Arya Jadhav, Bushra Rashrash

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e67859

Development of a Risk Score to Aid With the Diagnosis of Infections After Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study

Development of a Risk Score to Aid With the Diagnosis of Infections After Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study

The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines include SCI-specific signs and symptoms such as increased spasticity and autonomic dysreflexia [18] in their decision algorithms for UTI diagnosis [19], but limited evidence on the sensitivity and specificity of these symptoms exists. Patients and providers alike have difficulty determining which signs and symptoms arise from UTI.

Felicia Skelton, Larissa Grigoryan, Joann Pan, Ashley Collazo, Barbara Trautner

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e52610

mHealth Apps Available in Italy to Support Health Care Professionals in Antimicrobial Stewardship Implementation: Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis

mHealth Apps Available in Italy to Support Health Care Professionals in Antimicrobial Stewardship Implementation: Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis

As shown in Table 2, considering all the potential items that could be fulfilled by the apps for each domain, of the 27 apps selected, diagnosis and therapy support (90/513, 37%) and app technical characteristics (187/810, 23%) were the most frequently fulfilled domains, followed by AMS (13/162, 8%), pathogens and etiological agents (8/216, 4%), notes and records (5/162, 3%), network (4/189, 2%), AMR (2/162, 1%), and dashboard function (1/108, 1%).

Giuseppa Russo, Annachiara Petrazzuolo, Marino Trivisani, Giuseppe Virone, Elena Mazzolini, Davide Pecori, Assunta Sartor, Sergio Giuseppe Intini, Stefano Celotto, Rossana Roncato, Roberto Cocconi, Luca Arnoldo, Laura Brunelli

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e51122

Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Professionals and Large Language Models: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Professionals and Large Language Models: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Numerous experts and scholars have explored the application of specialized AI and software tools in clinical diagnosis, yet there is limited knowledge about the performance of LLMs in this context. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively evaluate the performance and accuracy of LLMs in clinical diagnosis, providing references for their clinical application.

Guxue Shan, Xiaonan Chen, Chen Wang, Li Liu, Yuanjing Gu, Huiping Jiang, Tingqi Shi

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e64963

The Diagnostic Performance of Large Language Models and Oral Medicine Consultants for Identifying Oral Lesions in Text-Based Clinical Scenarios: Prospective Comparative Study

The Diagnostic Performance of Large Language Models and Oral Medicine Consultants for Identifying Oral Lesions in Text-Based Clinical Scenarios: Prospective Comparative Study

The diagnosis of pathological conditions within the oral cavity has traditionally relied on visual examination, histopathological analysis, and clinical expertise [3]. However, AI algorithms have the potential to analyze various data sources, including clinical images, patient records, and radiographs, to provide valuable insights and suggestions for clinicians to facilitate the diagnosis of oral lesions [4]. Chat GPT is a recently introduced AI tool developed by Open AI.

Sarah AlFarabi Ali, Hebah AlDehlawi, Ahoud Jazzar, Heba Ashi, Nihal Esam Abuzinadah, Mohammad AlOtaibi, Abdulrahman Algarni, Hazzaa Alqahtani, Sara Akeel, Soulafa Almazrooa

JMIR AI 2025;4:e70566

Effect of Uncertainty-Aware AI Models on Pharmacists’ Reaction Time and Decision-Making in a Web-Based Mock Medication Verification Task: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Uncertainty-Aware AI Models on Pharmacists’ Reaction Time and Decision-Making in a Web-Based Mock Medication Verification Task: Randomized Controlled Trial

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prevalent in health care with a wide range of applications such as drug development [1], computer-aided diagnosis and detection [2,3], and clinical decision-making [4]. In particular, AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can improve medication safety and reduce medication errors.

Corey Lester, Brigid Rowell, Yifan Zheng, Zoe Co, Vincent Marshall, Jin Yong Kim, Qiyuan Chen, Raed Kontar, X Jessie Yang

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e64902

Development of an eHealth Mindfulness-Based Music Therapy Intervention for Adults Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Qualitative Study

Development of an eHealth Mindfulness-Based Music Therapy Intervention for Adults Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Qualitative Study

Most participants described the diagnosis of cancer as a profoundly shocking experience because they were diagnosed when they were feeling well and without any noticeable symptoms (“I didn’t know I was sick. I had regular blood work done April of 2021 and everything was normal. And then June 1st I had a lump like a lymph node in my neck that was a little enlarged, but I wasn’t feeling sick.”).

Sara E Fleszar-Pavlovic, Blanca Noriega Esquives, Padideh Lovan, Arianna E Brito, Ann Marie Sia, Mary Adelyn Kauffman, Maria Lopes, Patricia I Moreno, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Rui Gong, Trent Wang, Eric D Wieder, Maria Rueda-Lara, Michael Antoni, Krishna Komanduri, Teresa Lesiuk, Frank J Penedo

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e65188