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Using Natural Language Processing Methods to Build the Hypersexuality in Bipolar Reddit Corpus: Infodemiology Study of Reddit

Using Natural Language Processing Methods to Build the Hypersexuality in Bipolar Reddit Corpus: Infodemiology Study of Reddit

After exploring the Redditor characteristics of our dataset, we used LIWC-22 [28] to understand the key psychological domains within the Hi B-RC. LIWC-22 is a text analysis application that maps psychosocial constructs to words, phrases, and linguistic constructions [28]. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) processes text using software and a dictionary, where the dictionary contains groups of words that relate to a particular domain (eg, positive or negative tone).

Daisy Harvey, Paul Rayson, Fiona Lobban, Jasper Palmier-Claus, Clare Dolman, Anne Chataigné, Steven Jones

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e65632

Artificial Intelligence–Based Co-Facilitator (AICF) for Detecting and Monitoring Group Cohesion Outcomes in Web-Based Cancer Support Groups: Single-Arm Trial Study

Artificial Intelligence–Based Co-Facilitator (AICF) for Detecting and Monitoring Group Cohesion Outcomes in Web-Based Cancer Support Groups: Single-Arm Trial Study

Aside from content analysis, such as Psychodynamic Work, Object Rating System [16], many studies adopted computerized textual analysis systems such as dt Search [17], Linguistic Inquiry, and Word Count (LIWC) to track levels of cohesion through text [18-21].

Yvonne W Leung, Elise Wouterloot, Achini Adikari, Jinny Hong, Veenaajaa Asokan, Lauren Duan, Claire Lam, Carlina Kim, Kai P Chan, Daswin De Silva, Lianne Trachtenberg, Heather Rennie, Jiahui Wong, Mary Jane Esplen

JMIR Cancer 2024;10:e43070

Investigating Patient Satisfaction Through Web-Based Reviews of Norwegian Dentists: Quantitative Study Using the Meaning Extraction Method

Investigating Patient Satisfaction Through Web-Based Reviews of Norwegian Dentists: Quantitative Study Using the Meaning Extraction Method

The language analysis tool Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC; version 2022) [29] was used to analyze the text data. The LIWC is designed to measure psychometric properties in language. As noted by Boyd [30], LIWC analysis typically works best with texts exceeding 50 words (shorter texts with a minimum of 10 words may still yield some insights, but the results may be less accurate). This is because LIWC dictionaries work by calculating the relative percentage of a word’s occurrence in a body of text.

Maria Larsen, Gro Eirin Holde, Jan-Are Kolset Johnsen

J Particip Med 2024;16:e49262

Linguistic Variables and Gender Differences Within a Messenger-Based Psychosocial Chat Counseling Service for Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study

Linguistic Variables and Gender Differences Within a Messenger-Based Psychosocial Chat Counseling Service for Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study

Linguistic variables were determined using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC; see below for details). The sample examined in this study was based on the previous evaluation of krisenchat, in which the sample consisted of those who completed a subsequent feedback survey after the counseling session [20]. Thus, out of a total of 11,031 users in the above-mentioned time period, 6962 (63.1%) completed a feedback survey. The chat messages of these 6962 users were analyzed.

Zeki Efe, Sabrina Baldofski, Elisabeth Kohls, Melanie Eckert, Shadi Saee, Julia Thomas, Richard Wundrack, Christine Rummel-Kluge

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e51795

Using HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)–Compliant Transcription Services for Virtual Psychiatric Interviews: Pilot Comparison Study

Using HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)–Compliant Transcription Services for Virtual Psychiatric Interviews: Pilot Comparison Study

One of the most commonly used natural language tools in text analysis is the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) [22]. The most up-to-date version, LIWC-22, has an internal dictionary of over 12,000 words categorized into various groups intended to assess different psychosocial constructs [22]. Numerous categories related to first-person pronoun use and negatively valenced emotion and tone words have been shown to be associated with depression symptom severity [23-25].

Salman Seyedi, Emily Griner, Lisette Corbin, Zifan Jiang, Kailey Roberts, Luca Iacobelli, Aaron Milloy, Mina Boazak, Ali Bahrami Rad, Ahmed Abbasi, Robert O Cotes, Gari D Clifford

JMIR Ment Health 2023;10:e48517

Therapist Feedback and Implications on Adoption of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Co-Facilitator for Online Cancer Support Groups: Mixed Methods Single-Arm Usability Study

Therapist Feedback and Implications on Adoption of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Co-Facilitator for Online Cancer Support Groups: Mixed Methods Single-Arm Usability Study

The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software [27] was applied to all textual data to obtain a reference score for positive and negative emotions. LIWC scanned each line of the conversation for positive and negative emotions. We hypothesized that correlations between LIWC and AICF outputs would be strong (≥0.7). To validate AICF by the close to real-time participant emotional states, we grouped the 9 emojis into positive and negative states, with the neutral emoji excluded.

Yvonne W Leung, Steve Ng, Lauren Duan, Claire Lam, Kenith Chan, Mathew Gancarz, Heather Rennie, Lianne Trachtenberg, Kai P Chan, Achini Adikari, Lin Fang, David Gratzer, Graeme Hirst, Jiahui Wong, Mary Jane Esplen

JMIR Cancer 2023;9:e40113

Emotions and Incivility in Vaccine Mandate Discourse: Natural Language Processing Insights

Emotions and Incivility in Vaccine Mandate Discourse: Natural Language Processing Insights

The data were analyzed using 2 different natural language processing approaches: (1) the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) computational tool [59] and (2) the Google Perspective API [60]. LIWC is a natural language processing tool that measures psychological processes in texts by counting the percentage of words in a given tweet that fall into prespecified categories.

Hannah Stevens, Muhammad Ehab Rasul, Yoo Jung Oh

JMIR Infodemiology 2022;2(2):e37635

Predicting Mental Health Status in Remote and Rural Farming Communities: Computational Analysis of Text-Based Counseling

Predicting Mental Health Status in Remote and Rural Farming Communities: Computational Analysis of Text-Based Counseling

This study has been enabled by the development of computational linguistic tools, of which the most widely used is the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) [38,39]. In addition to categorizing and counting words, LIWC offers an overview of the statistical distribution of words within predefined and psychologically meaningful categories.

Mark Antoniou, Dominique Estival, Christa Lam-Cassettari, Weicong Li, Anne Dwyer, Abìlio de Almeida Neto

JMIR Form Res 2022;6(6):e33036

In Search of State and Trait Emotion Markers in Mobile-Sensed Language: Field Study

In Search of State and Trait Emotion Markers in Mobile-Sensed Language: Field Study

In fact, Capecelatro et al [31] found depression to be unrelated to all Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) emotion categories. Initially, studies concerning typing dynamics used external computer keyboards to predict stress and depression, among other emotions [61-65]. More recent studies have tried to use soft keyboards on smartphones for emotion, depression, and bipolar disorder detection [66-69].

Chiara Carlier, Koen Niemeijer, Merijn Mestdagh, Michael Bauwens, Peter Vanbrabant, Luc Geurts, Toon van Waterschoot, Peter Kuppens

JMIR Ment Health 2022;9(2):e31724

Changes in Language Style and Topics in an Online Eating Disorder Community at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study

Changes in Language Style and Topics in an Online Eating Disorder Community at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study

To assess the frequency of these indicators, we used the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis program [40]. LIWC is based on a word count algorithm that searches each text unit for words that are assigned to prespecified language categories in its internal dictionary. Words in a given text are matched to these categories and counted to determine the frequency of each category in the text.

Johannes Feldhege, Markus Moessner, Markus Wolf, Stephanie Bauer

J Med Internet Res 2021;23(7):e28346