@Article{info:doi/10.2196/12071,
author="McCann, Lisa
and McMillan, Anne Kathryn
and Pugh, Gemma",
title="Digital Interventions to Support Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Systematic Review",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Jul",
day="31",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e12071",
keywords="adolescent",
keywords="neoplasms",
keywords="telemedicine",
keywords="systematic review",
keywords="eHealth",
abstract="Background: The last decade has seen an increase in the number of digital health interventions designed to support adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. Objective: The objective of this review was to identify, characterize, and fully assess the quality, feasibility, and efficacy of existing digital health interventions developed specifically for AYAs, aged between 13 and 39 years, living with or beyond a cancer diagnosis. Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify digital health interventions designed specifically for AYA living with or beyond a cancer diagnosis. Data on the characteristics and outcomes of each intervention were synthesized. Results: A total of 4731 intervention studies were identified through the searches; 38 interventions (43 research papers) met the inclusion criteria. Most (20/38, 53\%) were website-based interventions. Most studies focused on symptom management and medication adherence (15, 39\%), behavior change (15, 39\%), self-care (8, 21\%), and emotional health (7, 18\%). Most digital health interventions included multiple automated and communicative functions such as enriched information environments, automated follow-up messages, and access to peer support. Where reported (20, 53\% of studies), AYAs' subjective experience of using the digital platform was typically positive. The overall quality of the studies was found to be good (mean Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields scores >68\%). Some studies reported feasibility outcomes (uptake, acceptability, and attrition) but were not sufficiently powered to comment on intervention effects. Conclusions: Numerous digital interventions have been developed and designed to support young people living with and beyond a diagnosis of cancer. However, many of these interventions have yet to be deployed, implemented, and evaluated at scale. ",
doi="10.2196/12071",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e12071/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31368438"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/12163,
author="Sena, Ribeiro Gabrielle
and Lima, Ferreira Tiago Pessoa
and Mello, Gon{\c{c}}alves Maria Julia
and Thuler, Santos Luiz Claudio
and Lima, Oliveira Jurema Telles",
title="Developing Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Early Death in Elderly Cancer Patients: Usability Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Sep",
day="26",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e12163",
keywords="geriatric assessment",
keywords="aged",
keywords="machine learning",
keywords="medical oncology",
keywords="death",
abstract="Background: The importance of classifying cancer patients into high- or low-risk groups has led many research teams, from the biomedical and bioinformatics fields, to study the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms. The International Society of Geriatric Oncology recommends the use of the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), a multidisciplinary tool to evaluate health domains, for the follow-up of elderly cancer patients. However, no applications of ML have been proposed using CGA to classify elderly cancer patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to propose and develop predictive models, using ML and CGA, to estimate the risk of early death in elderly cancer patients. Methods: The ability of ML algorithms to predict early mortality in a cohort involving 608 elderly cancer patients was evaluated. The CGA was conducted during admission by a multidisciplinary team and included the following questionnaires: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), geriatric depression scale-short form, international physical activity questionnaire-short form, timed up and go, Katz index of independence in activities of daily living, Charlson comorbidity index, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), polypharmacy, and mini nutritional assessment-short form (MNA-SF). The 10-fold cross-validation algorithm was used to evaluate all possible combinations of these questionnaires to estimate the risk of early death, considered when occurring within 6 months of diagnosis, in a variety of ML classifiers, including Naive Bayes (NB), decision tree algorithm J48 (J48), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). On each fold of evaluation, tiebreaking is handled by choosing the smallest set of questionnaires. Results: It was possible to select CGA questionnaire subsets with high predictive capacity for early death, which were either statistically similar (NB) or higher (J48 and MLP) when compared with the use of all questionnaires investigated. These results show that CGA questionnaire selection can improve accuracy rates and decrease the time spent to evaluate elderly cancer patients. Conclusions: A simplified predictive model aiming to estimate the risk of early death in elderly cancer patients is proposed herein, minimally composed by the MNA-SF and KPS. We strongly recommend that these questionnaires be incorporated into regular geriatric assessment of older patients with cancer. ",
doi="10.2196/12163",
url="https://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e12163",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31573896"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/13240,
author="Kobayashi, Rei
and Ishizaki, Masato",
title="Examining the Interaction Between Medical Information Seeking Online and Understanding: Exploratory Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Sep",
day="24",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e13240",
keywords="consumer health informatics",
keywords="information-seeking behavior",
keywords="internet access",
keywords="health communication",
keywords="health literacy",
abstract="Background: Online information seeking on medical topics by patients can have beneficial effects by helping them decide on treatment options and fostering better relationships with doctors. The quality of websites and processes of seeking information online have mostly been studied, with a focus on the accuracy and reliability of websites; however, few studies have examined the relationship between other aspects of quality and the processes of seeking medical information online. Objective: This exploratory study aimed to shed light on the quality of websites used for information seeking from the perspective of understanding medical information in combination with seeking it online. Methods: The study participants were 15 Japanese university students with no problem using the internet. A questionnaire survey about health literacy (47 items on a 4-point Likert scale) and information navigation skills on the internet (8 items on a 5-point Likert scale) was conducted before participants engaged in online information seeking and qualitative interviews. The students searched for information on a disease and its treatment. The websites viewed were gathered from search behavior recorded by software and browser logs. Follow-up interviews were conducted to elicit explanations from the participants about the assignments and their views of online information seeking. The explanations were evaluated by 55 health care professionals on a 3-point Likert scale and then assessed based on their comments and the participant interviews. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.6 years (median 21; SD 1.06). All participants were able to access reliable websites with information relevant to the assignments. The mean ratings of the students' explanations were 108.6 (median 109; range=83-134) for the disease and 105.6 (median 104; range=87-117) for its treatment. The inter-rater reliability were 0.84 (95\% CI 0.77-0.90) and 0.95 (95\% CI 0.93-0.97), indicating good and excellent, respectively. The mean of the sum of the health literacy skills was 115.1 (median 115; range=80-166) and the mean for information navigation skills was 25.9 (median 26; range=17-36), respectively. Health literacy and information navigation skills were moderately correlated (r=0.54; 95\% CI 0.033-0.822; P=.04). Among the four stages of health literacy, understanding and appraising (r=0.53; 95\% CI 0.025-0.820; P=.04) were moderately correlated with information navigation skills (r=0.52; 95\% CI 0.013-0.816; P=.046). The participants had no difficulties operating and browsing the internet and considered medical and public institution websites to be reliable; however, due to unfamiliarity with medical terms, they had difficulties choosing a site from the results obtained and comparing and synthesizing information provided by different sites. They also looked for sites providing orderly information in plain language but provided explanations from sites that gave inadequate interpretations of information. Conclusions: This study revealed interactions between searching the internet for, and understanding, medical information by analyzing the processes of information seeking online, physicians' evaluations and comments about the participants' explanations, and the participants' perceptions. ",
doi="10.2196/13240",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e13240/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31586366"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/14292,
author="Huberty, Jennifer
and Eckert, Ryan
and Larkey, Linda
and Joeman, Lynda
and Mesa, Ruben",
title="Experiences of Using a Consumer-Based Mobile Meditation App to Improve Fatigue in Myeloproliferative Patients: Qualitative Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Jul",
day="22",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e14292",
keywords="mindfulness",
keywords="meditation",
keywords="mobile phone",
keywords="mHealth",
keywords="digital health",
keywords="cancer",
abstract="Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients suffer from long-term symptoms and reduced quality of life. Mindfulness meditation is a complementary therapy shown to be beneficial for alleviating a range of cancer-related symptoms; however, in-person meditation interventions are difficult for cancer patients to attend. Meditation via a mobile phone app represents a novel approach in MPN patients for delivering meditation. Objective: The study aimed to report MPN patients' (ie, na{\"i}ve or nearly na{\"i}ve meditators) perceptions of meditation and explore their experiences in the context of using a mobile phone for meditation after participation in an 8-week consumer-based meditation app feasibility study. Methods: MPN patients (n=128) were recruited nationally through organizational partners and social media. Eligible and consented patients were enrolled into 1 of 4 groups, 2 that received varying orders of 2 consumer-based apps (10\% Happier and Calm) and 2 that received one of the apps alone for the second 4 weeks of the 8-week intervention after an educational control condition. Participants were asked to perform 10 min per day of mobile phone-based meditation, irrespective of the app and order in which they received the apps. At the conclusion of the study, participants were asked whether they would like to participate in a 20-min phone interview comprising 9 to 10 questions to discuss their perceptions and experiences while using the mobile phone meditation apps. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and imported into NVivo 12 (QSR International) for coding and analysis, using a combination of deductive and inductive methods to organize the data, generate categories, and develop themes and subthemes. Results: A total of 48 MPN patients completed postintervention interviews, of which 29\% (14/48) of the patients only used the 10\% Happier app, 21\% (10/48) of the patients only used the Calm app, and 46\% (22/48) of the patients used both apps during the 8-week intervention. Themes identified in the analysis of interview data related to (1) perceptions of meditation before, during, and after the study, (2) perceptions of the Calm app, (3) perceptions of the 10\% Happier app, (4) perceived impacts of using the meditation apps, (5) overall experiences of participating in the study, (6) recommendations surrounding meditation for other MPN patients, and (7) plans to continue meditation. Conclusions: The qualitative findings of this study suggest that MPN patients who are na{\"i}ve or nearly na{\"i}ve meditators perceived mobile phone meditation as enjoyable, preferred the Calm app over the 10\% Happier app, perceived the Calm app as more appealing (eg, narrator's voice and different meditations or background sounds offered), and perceived beneficial effects of meditation on mental health, sleep, fatigue, and pain. Future research is needed to better understand the efficacy of mobile phone meditation on MPN patient outcomes and meditation app design features that enhance uptake among its users. ",
doi="10.2196/14292",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e14292/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31333197"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/13543,
author="N{\'a}poles, Mar{\'i}a Anna
and Santoyo-Olsson, Jasmine
and Chac{\'o}n, Liliana
and Stewart, L. Anita
and Dixit, Niharika
and Ortiz, Carmen",
title="Feasibility of a Mobile Phone App and Telephone Coaching Survivorship Care Planning Program Among Spanish-Speaking Breast Cancer Survivors",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Jul",
day="09",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e13543",
keywords="Hispanic Americans",
keywords="cancer survivors",
keywords="mobile apps",
keywords="feasibility studies",
abstract="Background: Spanish-speaking Latina breast cancer survivors experience disparities in knowledge of breast cancer survivorship care, psychosocial health, lifestyle risk factors, and symptoms compared with their white counterparts. Survivorship care planning programs (SCPPs) could help these women receive optimal follow-up care and manage their condition. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a culturally and linguistically suitable SCPP called the Nuevo Amanecer (New Dawn) Survivorship Care Planning Program for Spanish-speaking breast cancer patients in public hospital settings, approaching the end of active treatment. Methods: The 2-month intervention was delivered via a written bilingual survivorship care plan and booklet, Spanish-language mobile phone app with integrated activity tracker, and telephone coaching. This single-arm feasibility study used mixed methods to evaluate the intervention. Acceptability and feasibility were examined via tracking of implementation processes, debriefing interviews, and postintervention satisfaction surveys. Preliminary efficacy was assessed via baseline and 2-month interviews using structured surveys and pre- and postintervention average daily steps count based on activity tracker data. Primary outcomes were self-reported fatigue, health distress, knowledge of cancer survivorship care, and self-efficacy for managing cancer follow-up health care and self-care. Secondary outcomes were emotional well-being, depressive and somatic symptoms, and average daily steps. Results: All women (n=23) were foreign-born with limited English proficiency; 13 (57\%) had an elementary school education or less, 16 (70\%) were of Mexican origin, and all had public health insurance. Coaching calls lasted on average 15 min each (SD 3.4). A total of 19 of 23 participants (83\%) completed all 5 coaching calls. The majority (n=17; 81\%) rated the overall quality of the app as ``very good'' or ``excellent'' (all rated it as at least ``good''). Women checked their daily steps graph on the app between 4.2 to 5.9 times per week. Compared with baseline, postintervention fatigue (B=--.26; P=.02; Cohen d=0.4) and health distress levels (B=--.36; P=.01; Cohen d=0.3) were significantly lower and knowledge of recommended follow-up care and resources (B=.41; P=.03; Cohen d=0.5) and emotional well-being improved significantly (B=1.42; P=.02; Cohen d=0.3); self-efficacy for managing cancer follow-up care did not change. Average daily steps increased significantly from 6157 to 7469 (B=1311.8; P=.02; Cohen d=0.5). Conclusions: We found preliminary evidence of program feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy, with significant 2-month improvements in fatigue, health distress, and emotional well-being and increased knowledge of recommended follow-up care and average daily steps. Tailored mobile phone and health coaching SCPPs could help to ensure equitable access to these services and improve symptoms and physical activity levels among Spanish-speaking Latina breast cancer survivors. ",
doi="10.2196/13543",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e13543/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31290395"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/10692,
author="Tarver, L. Will
and Robb, W. Bruce
and Haggstrom, A. David",
title="Usefulness and Usability of a Personal Health Record and Survivorship Care Plan for Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Survey Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Aug",
day="20",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e10692",
keywords="personal health record",
keywords="colorectal cancer",
keywords="survivorship",
keywords="digital health",
keywords="digital medicine",
abstract="Background: As a result of improvements in cancer screening, treatment, and supportive care, nearly two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) live for 5 years after diagnosis. An ever-increasing population of CRC survivors creates a need for effective survivorship care to help manage and mitigate the impact of CRC and its treatment. Personal health records (PHRs) and survivorship care plans provide a means of supporting the long-term care of cancer survivors. Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize the usefulness of a CRC PHR and survivorship care plan and to describe the usability of these technologies in a population of CRC survivors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess a PHR and survivorship care plan specifically targeting CRC survivors. Methods: Twenty-two patients with CRC were recruited from surgery clinics of an academic medical center and Veterans Affairs hospital in Indianapolis and provided access to an online Colorectal Cancer Survivor's Personal Health Record (CRCS-PHR). Survey data were collected to characterize the usefulness of the CRCS-PHR and describe its usability in a population of CRC survivors. CRC survivors were surveyed 6 months after being provided online access. Means and proportions were used to describe the usefulness and ease of using the CRC website. Open-ended questions were qualitatively coded using the constant comparative method. Results: CRC survivors perceived features related to their health care (ie, summary of cancer treatment history, follow-up care schedule, description of side effects, and list of community resources) to be more useful than communication features (ie, creating online relationships with family members or caregivers, communicating with doctor, and secure messages). CRC survivors typically described utilizing traditional channels (eg, via telephone or in person) to communicate with their health care provider. Participants had overall positive perceptions with respect to ease of use and overall satisfaction. Major challenges experienced by participants included barriers to system log-in, lack of computer literacy or experience, and difficulty entering their patient information. Conclusions: For CRC, survivors may find the greater value in a PHR's medical content than the communication functions, which they have available elsewhere. These findings regarding the usefulness and usability of a PHR for the management of CRC survivorship provide valuable insights into how best to tailor these technologies to patients' needs. These findings can inform future design and development of PHRs for purposes of both cancer and chronic disease management. ",
doi="10.2196/10692",
url="https://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e10692/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31432780"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/12090,
author="Laufer, Talya
and Lerner, Bryan
and Petrich, Anett
and Quinn, M. Anna
and Ernst, Leah
and Roop, Alicin
and Knoblauch, Janet
and Leasure, C. Nick
and Jaslow, J. Rebecca
and Hegarty, Sarah
and Leader, Amy
and Barsevick, Andrea",
title="Evaluation of a Technology-Based Survivor Care Plan for Breast Cancer Survivors: Pre-Post Pilot Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Dec",
day="20",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e12090",
keywords="cancer survivor",
keywords="care plan",
keywords="technology",
keywords="patient activation",
abstract="Background: As of 2016, almost 16 million individuals were cancer survivors, including over 3.5 million survivors of breast cancer. Because cancer survivors are living longer and have unique health care needs, the Institute of Medicine proposed a survivor care plan as a way to alleviate the many medical, emotional, and care coordination problems of survivors. Objective: This pilot study for breast cancer survivors was undertaken to: (1) examine self-reported changes in knowledge, confidence, and activation from before receipt to after receipt of a survivor care plan; and (2) describe survivor preferences for, and satisfaction with, a technology-based survivor care plan. Methods: A single group pretest-posttest design was used to study breast cancer survivors in an academic cancer center and a community cancer center during their medical visit after they completed chemotherapy. The intervention was a technology-based survivor care plan. Measures were taken before, immediately after, and 1 month after receipt of the survivor care plan. Results: A total of 38 breast cancer survivors agreed to participate in the study. Compared to baseline levels before receipt of the survivor care plan, participants reported increased knowledge both immediately after its receipt at the academic center (P<.001) and the community center (P<.001) as well as one month later at the academic center (P=.002) and the community center (P<.001). Participants also reported increased confidence immediately following receipt of the survivor care plan at the academic center (P=.63) and the community center (P=.003) and one month later at both the academic center (P=.63) and the community center (P<.001). Activation was increased from baseline to post-survivor care plan at both the academic center (P=.05) and community center (P<.001) as well as from baseline to 1-month follow-up at the academic center (P=.56) and the community center (P<.001). Overall, community center participants had lower knowledge, confidence, and activation at baseline compared with academic center participants. Overall, 22/38 (58\%) participants chose the fully functional electronic survivor care plan. However, 12/23 (52\%) in the community center group chose the paper version compared to 4/15 (27\%) in the academic center group. Satisfaction with the format (38/38 participants) and the content (37/38 participants) of the survivor care plan was high for both groups. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that knowledge, confidence, and activation of survivors were associated with implementation of the survivor care plan. This research agrees with previous research showing that cancer survivors found the technology-based survivor care plan to be acceptable. More research is needed to determine the optimal approach to survivor care planning to ensure that all cancer survivors can benefit from it. ",
doi="10.2196/12090",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e12090/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31859683"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/13832,
author="Cunningham-Erves, Jennifer
and Koyama, Tatsuki
and Huang, Yi
and Jones, Jessica
and Wilkins, H. Consuelo
and Harnack, Lora
and McAfee, Caree
and Hull, C. Pamela",
title="Providers' Perceptions of Parental Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Hesitancy: Cross-Sectional Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Jul",
day="02",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e13832",
keywords="neoplasms",
keywords="papillomavirus infections",
keywords="papillomavirus vaccines",
keywords="primary prevention",
keywords="health care provider",
keywords="vaccine hesitancy",
keywords="provider barriers to HPV vaccination",
abstract="Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy among parents contributes to low vaccination coverage in adolescents. To improve health care provider communication and vaccine recommendation practices with hesitant parents, it is important to understand how providers perceive parental HPV vaccine hesitancy. Objective: This study aimed to characterize perceived reasons for parental HPV vaccine hesitancy and identify factors associated with perceived parental hesitancy among providers at community-based pediatric clinics. Methods: In 2018, providers in 23 community-based pediatric clinics in Tennessee were invited to complete a Web-based baseline survey as part of a larger quality improvement study focused on HPV vaccine uptake. These survey data were used for a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis. Scale scores ranging from 0 to 100 were calculated for provider self-efficacy (confidence in ability to recommend HPV vaccine), provider outcome expectations (expectations that recommendation will influence parents' decisions), and perceived parental HPV vaccine hesitancy. Provider confidence in HPV vaccine safety and effectiveness were categorized as high versus low. Clinic-level exposures examined were clinic size and rural-urban location. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize perceived parental barriers by provider type. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fit taking one exposure variable at a time, whereas controlling for provider type, age, gender, and race to identify provider- and clinic-level factors associated with perceived parental barriers to HPV vaccination. Results: Of the 187 providers located in the 23 clinics, 137 completed the survey. The majority of physician providers were white and female, with a higher percentage of females among nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs). The most common parental barriers to HPV vaccination perceived by providers were concerns about HPV vaccine safety (88\%), child being too young (78\%), low risk of HPV infection for child through sexual activity (70\%), and mistrust in vaccines (59\%). In adjusted mixed models, perceived parental HPV vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with several provider-level factors: self-efficacy (P=.001), outcome expectations (P<.001), and confidence in HPV vaccine safety (P=.009). No significant associations were observed between perceived parental HPV vaccine hesitancy and clinic-level factors clinic size nor location. Conclusions: Researchers developing provider-focused interventions to reduce parental HPV vaccine hesitancy should consider addressing providers' self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and confidence in HPV vaccine safety to help providers communicate more effectively with HPV vaccine hesitant parents. ",
doi="10.2196/13832",
url="https://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e13832/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31267976"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/13150,
author="Hartman, J. Sheri
and Weiner, S. Lauren
and Nelson, H. Sandahl
and Natarajan, Loki
and Patterson, E. Ruth
and Palmer, W. Barton
and Parker, A. Barbara
and Sears, D. Dorothy",
title="Mediators of a Physical Activity Intervention on Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Oct",
day="11",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e13150",
keywords="cognitive function",
keywords="exercise",
keywords="anxiety",
keywords="neoplasms",
abstract="Background: Emerging research suggests that increasing physical activity can help improve cognition among breast cancer survivors. However, little is known about the mechanism through which physical activity impacts cancer survivors' cognition. Objective: The objective of this secondary analysis examined physical and psychological function potentially linking physical activity with changes in cognition among breast cancer survivors in a randomized controlled trial where the exercise arm had greater improvements in cognition than the control arm. Methods: A total of 87 sedentary breast cancer survivors were randomized to a 12-week physical activity intervention (n=43) or control condition (n=44). Objectively measured processing speed (National Institutes of Health Toolbox Oral Symbol Digit), self-reported cognition (patient-reported outcomes measurement information system [PROMIS] cognitive abilities), PROMIS measures of physical and psychological function (depression, anxiety, fatigue, and physical functioning), and plasma biomarkers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, homeostatic model assessment 2 of insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) were collected at baseline and 12 weeks. Linear mixed-effects models tested intervention effects on changes in physical and psychological function variables and biomarkers. Bootstrapping was used to assess mediation. Exploratory analyses examined self-reported cognitive abilities and processing speed as mediators of the intervention effect on physical functioning. Results: Participants in the exercise arm had significantly greater improvements in physical functioning (beta=1.23; 95\% CI 2.42 to 0.03; P=.049) and reductions in anxiety (beta=?1.50; 95\% CI ?0.07 to ?2.94; P=.04) than those in the control arm. Anxiety significantly mediated the intervention effect on cognitive abilities (bootstrap 95\% CI ?1.96 to ?0.06), whereas physical functioning did not (bootstrap 95\% CI ?1.12 to 0.10). Neither anxiety (bootstrap 95\% CI ?1.18 to 0.74) nor physical functioning (bootstrap 95\% CI ?2.34 to 0.15) mediated the intervention effect on processing speed. Of the biomarkers, only CRP had greater changes in the exercise arm than the control arm (beta=.253; 95\% CI ?0.04 to 0.57; P=.09), but CRP was not associated with cognition; therefore, none of the biomarker measures mediated the intervention effect on cognition. Neither cognitive abilities (bootstrap 95\% CI ?0.06 to 0.68) nor processing speed (bootstrap 95\% CI ?0.15 to 0.63) mediated the intervention effect on physical function. Conclusions: Physical activity interventions may improve self-reported cognition by decreasing anxiety. If supported by larger studies, reducing anxiety may be an important target for improving self-reported cognition among cancer survivors. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02332876; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02332876 ",
doi="10.2196/13150",
url="https://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e13150",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31605514"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/15539,
author="Marthick, Michael
and Janssen, Anna
and Cheema, S. Birinder
and Alison, Jennifer
and Shaw, Tim
and Dhillon, Haryana",
title="Feasibility of an Interactive Patient Portal for Monitoring Physical Activity, Remote Symptom Reporting, and Patient Education in Oncology: Qualitative Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Nov",
day="28",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e15539",
keywords="physical activity",
keywords="patient Web portals",
keywords="neoplasms",
abstract="Background: Digital health interventions, such as the use of patient portals, have been shown to offer benefits to a range of patients including those with a diagnosis of cancer. Objective: This study aimed to explore the participant experience and perception of using an interactive Web-based portal for monitoring physical activity, remote symptom reporting, and delivering educational components. Methods: Participants who were currently under treatment or had recently completed intensive treatment for cancer were recruited to three cohorts and invited to join a Web-based portal to enhance their physical activity. Cohort 1 received Web portal access and an activity monitor; cohort 2 had additional summative messaging; and cohort 3 had additional personalized health coaching messaging. Following the 10-week intervention, participants were invited to participate in a semistructured interview. Interview recordings were transcribed and evaluated using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: A total of 17 semistructured interviews were carried out. Participants indicated that using the Web portal was feasible. Personalized messaging improved participant perceptions of the value of the intervention. There was a contrast between cohorts and levels of engagement with increasing health professional contact leading to an increase in engagement. Educational material needs to be tailored to the participants' cancer treatment status, health literacy, and background. Conclusions: Participants reported an overall positive experience using the Web portal and that personalized messaging positively impacted on their health behaviors. Future studies should focus more on design of interventions, ensuring appropriate tailoring of information and personalization of behavioral support messaging. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/9586 ",
doi="10.2196/15539",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e15539/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31778123"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/12536,
author="Lognos, B{\'e}atrice
and Carbonnel, Fran{\c{c}}ois
and Boulze Launay, Isabelle
and Bringay, Sandra
and Guerdoux-Ninot, Estelle
and Mollevi, Caroline
and Senesse, Pierre
and Ninot, Gregory",
title="Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Patients With Breast Cancer: Exploratory Study of Social Network Forum Data",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Nov",
day="27",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e12536",
keywords="complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)",
keywords="nonpharmacological interventions",
keywords="cancer",
keywords="social network",
keywords="forum",
keywords="patient",
abstract="Background: Patients and health care professionals are becoming increasingly preoccupied in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that can also be called nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs). In just a few years, this supportive care has gone from solutions aimed at improving the quality of life to solutions intended to reduce symptoms, supplement oncological treatments, and prevent recurrences. Digital social networks are a major vector for disseminating these practices that are not always disclosed to doctors by patients. An exploration of the content of exchanges on social networks by patients suffering from breast cancer can help to better identify the extent and diversity of these practices. Objective: This study aimed to explore the interest of patients with breast cancer in CAM from posts published in health forums and French-language social media groups. Methods: The retrospective study was based on a French database of 2 forums and 4 Facebook groups between June 3, 2006, and November 17, 2015. The extracted, anonymized, and compiled data (264,249 posts) were analyzed according to the occurrences associated with the NPI categories and NPI subcategories, their synonyms, and their related terms. Results: The results showed that patients with breast cancer use mainly physical (37.6\%) and nutritional (31.3\%) interventions. Herbal medicine is a subcategory that was cited frequently. However, the patients did not mention digital interventions. Conclusions: This exploratory study of the main French forums and discussion groups indicates a significant interest in CAM during and after treatments for breast cancer, with primarily physical and nutritional interventions complementing approved treatments. This study highlights the importance of accurate information (vs fake medicine), prescription and monitoring of these interventions, and the mediating role that health professionals must play in this regard. ",
doi="10.2196/12536",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e12536/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31774404"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/12849,
author="Reeders, Jocelyn
and Ashoka Menon, Vivek
and Mani, Anita
and George, Mathew",
title="Clinical Profiles and Survival Outcomes of Patients With Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors at a Health Network in New South Wales, Australia: Retrospective Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Nov",
day="20",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e12849",
keywords="Australia",
keywords="neuroendocrine tumor",
keywords="New South Wales",
abstract="Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with varying and often indolent clinicobiological characteristics according to their primary location. NETs can affect any organ and hence present with nonspecific symptoms that can lead to a delay in diagnosis. The incidence of NETs is increasing in Australia; data regarding characteristics of NETs were collected from the cancer registry of Hunter New England, Australia. Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical profiles and treatment and survival outcomes of patients with well-differentiated NETs in an Australian population. Methods: We reviewed the data of all adult patients who received the diagnosis of NET between 2008 and 2013. The clinicopathological, treatment, and follow-up data were extracted from the local Cancer Clinical Registry. We also recorded the level of remoteness for each patient by matching the patient's residential postcode to the corresponding Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 remoteness area category. Univariate analysis was used to find the factors associated with NET-related mortality. Survival analysis was computed. Results: Data from 96 patients were included in the study (men: 37/96, 38.5\%, and women: 59/96, 61.5\%). The median age at diagnosis was approximately 63 years. A higher proportion of patients lived in remote/rural areas (50/96, 52.1\%) compared with those living in city/metropolitan regions (46/96, 47.9\%). The most common primary tumor site was the gastroenteropancreatic tract, followed by the lung. The factors significantly associated with NET-related mortality were age, primary tumor site, surgical resection status, tumor grade, and clinical stage of the patient. At 5 years, the overall survival rate was found to be 62\%, and the disease-free survival rate was 56.5\%. Conclusions: Older age, advanced unresectable tumors, evidence of metastasis, and higher-grade tumors were associated with poorer outcomes. Lung tumors had a higher risk of NET-related mortality compared with other sites. ",
doi="10.2196/12849",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e12849/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31746768"
}


@Article{info:doi/10.2196/13217,
author="Bao, Ting
and Deng, Gary
and DeMarzo, A. Lauren
and Zhi, Iris W.
and DeRito, L. Janice
and Blinder, Victoria
and Chen, Connie
and Li, S. Qing
and Green, Jamie
and Pendleton, Eva
and Mao, J. Jun",
title="A Technology-Assisted, Brief Mind-Body Intervention to Improve the Waiting Room Experience for Chemotherapy Patients: Randomized Quality Improvement Study",
journal="JMIR Cancer",
year="2019",
month="Nov",
day="7",
volume="5",
number="2",
pages="e13217",
keywords="mobile app",
keywords="acupressure",
keywords="meditation",
keywords="symptom relief",
keywords="chemotherapy",
abstract="Background: Patients waiting for chemotherapy can experience stress, anxiety, nausea, and pain. Acupressure and meditation have been shown to control such symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrative medicine app to educate patients about these self-care tools in chemotherapy waiting rooms. Methods: We screened and enrolled cancer patients in chemotherapy waiting rooms at two Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center locations. Patients were randomly assigned into an intervention arm in which subjects watched acupressure and meditation instructional videos or a control arm in which they watched a time- and attention-matched integrative oncology lecture video. Before and after watching the videos, we asked the patients to rate four key symptoms: stress, anxiety, nausea, and pain. We performed the analysis of covariance to detect differences between the two arms postintervention while controlling for baseline symptoms. Results: A total of 223 patients were enrolled in the study: 113 patients were enrolled in the intervention arm and 110 patients were enrolled in the control arm. In both groups, patients showed significant reductions in stress and anxiety from baseline (all P<.05), with the treatment arm reporting greater stress and anxiety reduction than the control arm (1.64 vs 1.15 in stress reduction; P=.01 and 1.39 vs 0.78 in anxiety reduction; P=.002). The majority of patients reported that the videos helped them pass time and that they would watch the videos again. Conclusions: An integrative medicine self-care app in the waiting room improved patients' experiences and reduced anxiety and stress. Future research could focus on expanding this platform to other settings to improve patients' overall treatment experiences. ",
doi="10.2196/13217",
url="http://cancer.jmir.org/2019/2/e13217/",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31697238"
}